2018 Registration document and annual fi nancial report - BNP PARIBAS 173

4CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2018

4

Notes to the fi nancial statements

Insurance and reinsurance contracts and investment contracts with discretionary participating features Life insurance guarantees cover mainly death risk (term life insurance, annuities, repayment of loans or guaranteed minimum on unit-linked contracts) and, regarding borrowers insurance, to disability, incapacity and unemployment risks.

For life insurance, technical reserves consist mainly of mathematical reserves that corresponds as a minimum, to the surrender value of contracts and surplus reserve.

The policyholders surplus reserve also includes amounts resulting from the application of shadow accounting representing the interest of policyholders, mainly within French life insurance subsidiaries, in unrealised gains and losses on assets where the benefi t paid under the policy is linked to the return on those assets. This interest is an average derived from stochastic analyses of unrealised gains and losses attributable to policyholders in various scenarios.

A capitalisation reserve is set up in individual statutory accounts of French life-insurance companies on the sale of amortisable securities in order to defer part of the net realised gain and hence maintain the yield to maturity on the portfolio of admissible assets. In the consolidated fi nancial statements, this reserve is reclassifi ed into Policyholders surplus on the liabilities side of the consolidated balance sheet, to the extent that it is highly probable it will be used.

Non-life technical reserves consist of unearned premium reserves (corresponding to the portion of written premiums relating to future periods) and outstanding claims reserves, inclusive of claims handling costs.

At the reporting date, a liability adequacy test is performed: The level of technical reserves (net of acquisition costs outstanding) is compared to the average value of cash fl ows resulting from stochastic calculations. Related adjustment to technical reserves, if any, is taken to the profi t and loss account for the period.

In the event of an unrealised loss on shadow accounted assets, a policyholders loss reserve is recognised on the assets side of the consolidated balance sheet in an amount equal to the probable deduction from the policyholders future profi t share. The recoverability of the policyholders loss reserve is assessed prospectively, taking into account policyholders surplus reserves recognised elsewhere, capital gains on fi nancial assets that are not shadow accounted due to accounting elections made (held-to-maturity financial assets and property investments measured at cost) and the Company s ability and intention to hold the assets carrying the unrealised loss. The policyholders loss reserve is recognised symmetrically with the corresponding assets and shown on the assets side of the balance sheet under the line item Accrued income and other assets .

Investment contracts with no discretionary participating features Investment contracts with no discretionary participating features correspond mainly to unit-linked contracts that do not meet the defi nition of insurance and investment contracts with discretionary participating features.

Liabilities arising from unit-linked contracts are measured by reference to the fair value of the assets backing these contracts at the closing date.

1.g PROPERTY, PLANT, EQUIPMENT, AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets shown in the consolidated balance sheet are composed of assets used in operations and investment property.

Assets used in operations are those used in the provision of services or for administrative purposes, and include non-property assets leased by the Group as lessor under operating leases.

Investment property comprises property assets held to generate rental income and capital gains.

Investment property is recognised at cost, with the exception of those representing insurance or investment contracts whose risk is borne by policyholders (unit-linked contracts), which are measured at fair value through profi t or loss and presented in the balance sheet under Financial investments of insurance activities (note 1.f.2).

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are initially recognised at purchase price plus directly attributable costs, together with borrowing costs where a long period of construction or adaptation is required before the asset can be brought into service.

Software developed internally by the BNP Paribas Group that fulfi ls the criteria for capitalisation is capitalised at direct development cost, which includes external costs and the labour costs of employees directly attributable to the project.

Subsequent to initial recognition, property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation or amortisation and any impairment losses.

The depreciable amount of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets is calculated after deducting the residual value of the asset. Only assets leased by the Group as the lessor under operating leases are presumed to have a residual value, as the useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets used in operations is generally the same as their economic life.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are depreciated or amortised using the straight-line method over the useful life of the asset. Depreciation and amortisation expense is recognised in the profi t and loss account under Depreciation, amortisation and impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets .

Where an asset consists of a number of components which may require replacement at regular intervals, or which have different uses or generate economic benefi ts at different rates, each component is recognised separately and depreciated using a method appropriate to that component. The BNP Paribas Group has adopted the component-based approach for property used in operations and for investment property.

The depreciation periods used for offi ce property are as follows: 80 years or 60 years for the shell (for prime and other property respectively); 30 years for facades; 20 years for general and technical installations; and 10 years for fi xtures and fi ttings.

Software is amortised, depending on its type, over periods of no more than 8 years in the case of infrastructure developments and 3 years or 5 years in the case of software developed primarily for the purpose of providing services to customers.

Software maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. However, expenditure that is regarded as upgrading the software or extending its useful life is included in the initial acquisition or production cost.